KBB/AGK Anatomy of Genome

Lecturer: Jaroslav Doležel
Lecture: 2 hours/week
Credits: 3
Summer semester
Form of course completion: colloquium

Subject of the course, chromosomal theory of inheritance, DNA as material of inheritance, genomes of eukaryotes and prokaryotes, genome size, DNA sequences in the genome. Structural genes and genes coding for functional RNA, transcription, introns and exons, origin of introns, alternative splicing. Repetitive DNA sequences, transposons, genomic organization of transposons, evolution of transposons, significance of repetitive DNA and its patogenicity. Genomes of prokaryotes, eubacteria and archebacteria, examples of sequenced prokaryotes. Genomes of eukaryotes, plant and animal mitochondrial genomes, plastid genomes, endosymbiotic theory, secondary endosymbiosis, origin of eukaryotes. Cell nucleus, chromatin, arrangement of chromosomes in the nucleus, chromosomal domains, replication factories, nuclear bodies, nucleolus and its ultrastructure, evolution of ribosomal DNA. Chromatin structure, histone code, posttranslational histone modification, heterochromatinization, posttranscriptional gene silencing, RNA interference. Functional domains of eukaryotic chromosomes, molecular structure of centromere, neocentromere, molecular structure of telomere, secondary constriction, nucleolar dominance. Global organization of eukaryotic genomes, isochores, gene islands and deserts, conserved nongenic sequences, stability and variability of genomes, genome evolution, whole genome duplication, colinearity and synteny.